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SYRIA

A SHORT HISTORY
Being a condensation of the author's
'History of Syria including
Lebanon and Palestine'

BY
PHILIP K. HITTI

Professor Emeritus of Semitic Literature on the
William and Annie S. Paton Foundation
Princeton University

New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1959

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PREFACE

Ever since the publication of History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine (1951) the author has entertained the hope of compressing it into a small volume, minus footnotes and other critical apparatus, which would appeal to a wider and more varied audience. It would bear the same relation to the larger volume that the author's The Arabs: A Short History bears to History of the Arabs. But the present heightened interest in Syria and the Syrians and the curiosity aroused about what is happening there, together with its setting and background, called for immediate action which I found myself unable to undertake because of prior commitments. Hence I sought and received the co-operation of my former pupil and colleague, Harry W. Hazard. Dr. Hazard has produced a work worthy of his scholarship and, we trust, adequately satisfying to the needs of the student and the intelligent layman. Three of the maps were newly sketched by him.

The last chapter in the larger volume, dealing with the contemporary scene, has been expanded by the author into four chapters.

P. K. H.

March 1958 ?

CONTENTS
		PAGE
PREFACE		V
PLACE IN HISTORY		1
THE LAND AND CLIMATE		5
PREHISTORIC ERAS		22
THE ANCIENT SEMITES		31
THE HELLENISTIC AGE		54
ROMANS AND SEMITES		72
BYZANTINES AND ARABS		96
MOSLEM CONQUEST		108
THE GLORY THAT WAS DAMASCUS		119
LIFE UNDER THE UMAYYADS		138
ABBASID PROVINCE		150
PETTY DYNASTIES		160
UNDER FATIMIDS AND SELJUKS		168
THE CRUSADES		176
AYYUBIDS AND MAMLUKS		200
TURKISH PROVINCE		213
INTELLECTUAL AND NATIONALIST STIRRINGS		228
WAR, OPPRESSION AND PESTILENCE		237
UNDER THE FRENCH MANDATE		242
INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC		250
INDEX		259

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LIST OF MAPS
		PAGE
TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP OF SYRIA		7
ANCIENT SYRIA		41
CLASSICAL SYRIA		73
CRUSADER STATES OF SYRIA AND LEBANON		180
SYRIA AND LEBANON ON THE EVE OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR		245

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